What is Metformin?
Metformin is a commonly prescribed diabetes medication, but recent studies reveal it may also have powerful anti-cancer properties. Research shows that Metformin can inhibit the growth of several types of cancer, including:
Melanoma
- Cholangiocarcinoma (Gallbladder Cancer)
- Lung Cancer
- Thyroid Cancer
- Endometrial Cancer
- Leukemia
- Breast Cancer
- Myeloma
- Colorectal Carcinoma
- Esophageal Squamous Cell Carcinoma
How Does Metformin Fight Cancer?
Metformin’s potential as an anti-cancer agent is primarily linked to its influence on two critical cellular pathways: AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) and the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K) pathways. Here’s how it works:
Inhibition of PI3K Pathway
Metformin enters cells via the OCT1 receptor and inhibits the PI3K pathway. This inhibition prevents the activation of AKT, a protein crucial for cell division. Without AKT, the cell’s ability to proliferate is significantly reduced.
Activation of AMPK
Metformin activates AMPK, a key regulator of cellular energy. Activated AMPK inhibits the mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR), a protein involved in cell growth and proliferation. By inhibiting mTOR, Metformin further reduces cellular proliferation.
The Balance Between Cellular Proliferation and Aging
Cells have a limited number of divisions before they either stop dividing or start to malfunction due to telomere shortening. Telomere shortening is one of the main contributors to aging and decreased tissue function. While some cellular turnover is inevitable, preventing unnecessary proliferation is crucial for maintaining health as we age.
Metformin: A Key Player in Optimizing Biochemical Health
Metformin’s ability to modulate critical biochemical pathways offers hope for reducing the adverse effects of aging and cancer. By inhibiting cancer cell proliferation and enhancing cellular energy balance, Metformin could be a powerful tool in extending health span and improving the quality of life.
The Future of Metformin in Cancer Treatment
Understanding the biochemical pathways through which Metformin operates opens the door to its potential as an anti-cancer agent. By targeting key pathways involved in cancer cell growth, Metformin holds promise in the fight against cancer and the pursuit of healthier aging.
