Browse Epithelial Ovarian Cancer

Epithelial ovarian cancer is a type of cancer that begins in the layer of cells covering the ovaries, known as the epithelium. It is the most common form of ovarian cancer, accounting for about 90% of all cases. This condition is particularly concerning because it is often diagnosed at an advanced stage, making treatment more challenging. Understanding the causes, symptoms, treatment options, and preventive measures is crucial for managing this condition effectively.

Causes of Epithelial Ovarian Cancer

The exact cause of epithelial ovarian cancer is not fully understood, but several factors are known to increase the risk of developing this condition:

• Genetic Factors: Mutations in genes such as BRCA1 and BRCA2 significantly increase the risk of ovarian cancer. Women with a family history of ovarian or breast cancer are also at higher risk.
• Age: The risk of developing epithelial ovarian cancer increases with age, particularly after menopause.
• Reproductive History: Women who have never been pregnant or who had their first child after the age of 35 may have a higher risk.
• Hormone Replacement Therapy: Long-term use of hormone replacement therapy (HRT) after menopause can increase the risk.
• Endometriosis: This condition, where tissue similar to the lining inside the uterus grows outside it, has been linked to a higher risk of ovarian cancer.

Symptoms of Epithelial Ovarian Cancer

Epithelial ovarian cancer can be difficult to detect early because its symptoms are often vague and similar to those of other common conditions. However, some symptoms to watch for include:

• Abdominal Bloating: Persistent bloating or swelling in the abdomen.
• Pelvic Pain: Pain or discomfort in the pelvic region.
• Changes in Bowel Habits: Such as constipation or diarrhea.
• Frequent Urination: An increased need to urinate.
• Loss of Appetite: Feeling full quickly or a loss of appetite.
• Unexplained Weight Loss: Losing weight without trying.

Treatment of Epithelial Ovarian Cancer

Treatment for epithelial ovarian cancer typically involves a combination of surgery and chemotherapy. The specific approach depends on the stage and grade of the cancer, as well as the patient’s overall health.

Surgery

Surgery is often the first step in treating epithelial ovarian cancer. The goal is to remove as much of the tumor as possible. This may involve removing one or both ovaries, the fallopian tubes, the uterus, and nearby lymph nodes.

Chemotherapy

Chemotherapy is used to kill any remaining cancer cells after surgery. It may also be used as the primary treatment if surgery is not possible. Medications such as Avastin are commonly used in chemotherapy regimens for ovarian cancer.

Targeted Therapy

Targeted therapy drugs, which focus on specific weaknesses in cancer cells, may also be used. These drugs can be effective in treating ovarian cancer that has returned after initial treatment.

Prevention of Epithelial Ovarian Cancer

While there is no sure way to prevent epithelial ovarian cancer, certain strategies may help reduce the risk:

• Genetic Testing: Women with a family history of ovarian or breast cancer should consider genetic testing for BRCA mutations. If a mutation is found, preventive measures such as increased surveillance or prophylactic surgery may be recommended.
• Oral Contraceptives: Long-term use of oral contraceptives has been shown to reduce the risk of ovarian cancer.
• Healthy Lifestyle: Maintaining a healthy weight, eating a balanced diet, and exercising regularly can contribute to overall health and may help reduce cancer risk.
• Regular Medical Check-Ups: Regular visits to a healthcare provider can help detect any abnormalities early.

In conclusion, epithelial ovarian cancer is a serious condition that requires prompt attention and treatment. Our pharmacy offers a range of medications to support the treatment of this condition, including Avastin, which is used in chemotherapy regimens. By understanding the causes, symptoms, and treatment options, individuals can take proactive steps to manage their health effectively.